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1 Department of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Geosciences and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238-5166; dferrill{at}swri.org
2 Department of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Geosciences and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238-5166; amorris{at}swri.org
3 Department of Earth, Material, and Planetary Sciences, Geosciences and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238-5166; rmcginnis{at}swri.org
David Ferrill received his B.S. degree in geology from Georgia State University in 1984, his M.S. degree in geology from West Virginia University in 1987, and his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Alabama in 1991. He is a licensed professional geoscientist (geology) in the state of Texas. Before joining Southwest Research Institute in 1993, he was an exploration geologist at Shell Offshore Incorporated. David is now a director at Southwest Research Institute and performs analyses of faulting and fracturing and reservoir deformation and does structural geological training and contract consulting for the oil and gas industry.
Alan Morris received his B.S. degree (with honors) in geology from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1973 and his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Cambridge in 1980. He is a licensed professional geoscientist (geology) in the state of Texas. Before joining Southwest Research Institute in 2005, he was a full professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio, having been on the faculty for 22 years. Alan is now a staff scientist at Southwest Research Institute and focuses on quantitative analysis of deformation processes and stress in diverse tectonic regimes and conducts research and technical assistance projects for the oil industry.
Ronald McGinnis received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in geology from the University of Texas at San Antonio in 2002 and 2005, respectively. He is a geologist with background in structural geology, hydrology, and geophysics. His research includes slope stability analyses on landslides; geologic and geophysical characterization to identify sources of radar scattering in various terrains throughout the world; fault analyses to provide a strain-based approach for predicting subseismic faults in various lithologies; and characterization of geologic controls on groundwater movement in the Edwards and Glen Rose formations in central, west, and south Texas.
ABSTRACT
Crossing conjugate normal faults are common in many hydrocarbon-producing basins. In these settings, they exert a range of influences from trapping hydrocarbon accumulations to producing permeability anisotropy by preferentially enhancing or reducing permeability, and reducing effective thicknesses of seal and reservoir units. The fault intersection region is typically poorly imaged with seismic data, and consequently, developing a coherent interpretation of deformation in the intersection region is difficult. In this article, we explore crossing conjugate normal faults across two orders of magnitude of displacement using clear field exposures from the western United States and subsurface examples from the Jeanne d'Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland. We demonstrate common structural elements and potential pitfalls associated with interpretation of crossing conjugate normal faults, and emphasize the widespread and often unrecognized occurrence of these structures.
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