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Late Paleozoic glacially related sandstone reservoirs in the Paraná Basin, Brazil

¹ Laboratório de Análise de Bacias e Petrofísica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19027 CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; vesely{at}ufpr.br
² Laboratório de Análise de Bacias e Petrofísica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19027, 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil; present address: Geology Department, Centro Politecnico, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Americas, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil; rostirolla{at}ufpr.br
³ Petróleo Brasileiro, Cidade Universitária, Quadra 7, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁴ Laboratório de Análise de Bacias e Petrofísica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19027, 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil

Fernando F. Vesely obtained his M.Sc. degree from the Universidade Estadual Paulista in 2001. He received his Ph.D. in 2006 at the Universidade Federal do Paraná, financially supported by Petróleo Brasileiro (Petrobras), with a thesis on sequence stratigraphy of late Paleozoic glaciogenic deposits in the Paraná Basin. His current research focuses on stratigraphy and sedimentology of South American petroleum systems.

Sidnei P. Rostirolla is a professor of geology at the Universidade Federal do Paraná. He received his M.Sc. degree (1991) from the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto and his Ph.D. (1996) from the Universidade Estadual Paulista. He worked at the Petrobras Research Center as a structural geologist, where his research focused on balancing cross section, syntectonic sedimentation, and fieldwork. His current research interests are basin analysis, geomathematics, structural geology, and reservoir characterization.

Ciro J. Appi joined Petrobras in 1977 as a borehole geologist and obtained his M.Sc. degree in 1990 from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. In 1995, he received his Ph.D. from the Universita Degli Studi di Parma, Italy, with a thesis on deep-water sedimentation in the Brazilian offshore Campos Basin. In 1997, he started to manage the Exploration Frontiers Technology Program of the Petrobras Research Center.

Ronaldo P. Kraft gained his M.Sc. degree in exploratory geology from Universidade Federal do Paraná before joining Petrobras as a geologist in 2006. His dissertation was about the modeling of naturally fractured reservoirs using high-resolution seismic and petrophysical tools applied to outcrop analogs.

Upper Paleozoic glacially related sandstones of the Itararé Group constitute thick and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs in the intracratonic Paraná Basin of southern Brazil. Because these sandstones were deposited in both glacial and nonglacial environments, they show a high degree of variability in facies. In this article, we analyze outcrop and shallow well data to describe facies heterogeneities and their reservoir-quality implications. A regional subsurface sequence-stratigraphic framework was built, based on both strike- and dip-oriented well-to-well correlations. A well-exposed sandstone succession correlative with the main reservoir interval in the subsurface was selected in the eastern part of the basin. The Vila Velha sandstone comprises an up to 100-m (328-ft)-thick, unconformity-bounded, sand-rich succession composed of four stacked facies assemblages. Vertical facies succession shows a transition from glacial and glaciomarine to periglacial shallow-marine and nearshore settings, which define a retrogradational-progradational succession. Channel-mouth bars and wave-modified shoreline sandstones in the progradational section contain stratigraphically predictable reservoir-quality lithofacies. In subsurface, gas-bearing sandstone intervals with the same well-log response occur below unconformities, which control the overall reservoir geometry.