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1 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Petroleum, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Ave., Technology Park, Kensington, Perth, WA 6151, Australia; Anthony.Gartrell{at}csiro.au
2 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Petroleum, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Ave., Technology Park, Kensington, Perth, WA 6151, Australia; present address: Woodside Energy Limited, 240 St Georges Tce, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
3 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Petroleum, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Ave., Technology Park, Kensington, Perth, WA 6151, Australia
Anthony Gartrell graduated with a B.Sc. (hons) degree in geology from the University of Western Australia (UWA) in 1993. After a short period as a research officer at UWA, he joined Western Mining Corporation Resources Petroleum Division as a structural geologist. He then completed a Ph.D. in structural geology at UWA in 2000 and now works with Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Petroleum as a research scientist. His recent work has focused on structural controls on fluid flow in petroleum systems.
Wayne Bailey graduated in 1997 with a Ph.D. in structural geology from Durham University, United Kingdom. From 1997 to 2002, he was a research associate with the Fault Analysis Group, University College Dublin (formerly Liverpool). He later joined CSIRO Petroleum as a researcher, focusing on seismic-scale fault-seal analysis. In 2006, he joined Woodside Energy Ltd. as coordinator of the Traps, Seals, and Pressure Team.
Mark Brincat graduated from the University of Adelaide with a B.Sc. (hons) degree in 1992 in petroleum geology from the Australian School of Petroleum. After a short-term contract with Santos Australia Ltd. as a development geologist, he joined Geoservices and, later, Baker Hughes Inteq. He later joined CSIRO Petroleum as a research geologist, focusing on the application of multidisciplinary techniques to help predict fault seal and trap prospectivity.
Based on comparisons between structural histories and the distribution of current and paleo-oil accumulations, it is proposed that the partitioning of postrift strain between faults in relation to trap geometry was critical in determining oil preservation during Neogene fault reactivation in the Timor Sea. Most of the trap-bounding faults in the region have been reactivated; however, the distribution of postrift displacements is heterogeneous and depends heavily on rift-phase fault size, location, and interaction with nearby faults. Preferential localization of postrift strain onto larger faults in the population resulted in the partial protection of some fault-bound traps with favorable geometries, but promoted breaching of others. Oil columns tend to be preserved where the crest of the trap is bound by a fault segment that has accommodated relatively low postrift displacements (less than about 60 m [196 ft]) during reactivation, typically where smaller rift faults are overlapped by larger rift faults. Complete loss of oil column is generally observed where the crest of the trap is bound by a typically large fault with high postrift displacements (greater than about 60 m [196 ft]). Where faults with high postrift displacements are located downdip of the trap crest, hydrocarbon columns are preserved down to the depth of the intersection between this fault and the top reservoir horizon. A simple trap integrity model based on these observations was found to be largely consistent with a database of 69 drilled traps in the region. The mechanisms and models discussed in this study are likely to apply to other petroleum systems where fault reactivation represents a risk to hydrocarbon preservation.
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