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Stratigraphic evolution of Oligocene–Miocene carbonates and siliciclastics, East Java basin, Indonesia

¹ Department of Geology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; essamsharaf{at}mans.edu.eg
² Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
³ Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
⁴ Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Essam Sharaf received his bachelor's and M.S. degrees from the University of Mansoura, Egypt, and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research interests are sedimentology and stratigraphy.Toni Simo received his M.S. degree and his Ph.D. from the University of Barcelona. His research focuses on carbonate sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, and basin analysis.

Alan Carroll conducts research on sedimentary basins at the University of Wisconsin, where he has been a professor since 1996. Prior to that, he worked as an explorationist for Sohio (1983–1986) and a source rock geochemist for Exxon Production Research Co. (1991–1995). He received a B.A. degree from Carleton College, his M.S. degree from the University of Michigan, and his Ph.D. from Stanford University.

Martin Shields is vice president of the Integrated Interpretation for Fusion Petroleum Technologies Inc. in The Woodlands, Texas. At the the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he established the East Java Consortium from his prior position as chief geophysicist for Santa Fe Energy in Jakarta, Indonesia. From 1982 to 1997, he worked in worldwide oil and gas exploration for Exxon. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Baylor University and a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

The Oligocene–Miocene of East Java is characterized by multiple stages of isolated carbonate mound growth surrounded by deeper marine off-mound sediments or by shallow-marine siliciclastics. Three stratigraphic intervals are recognized: Kujung (carbonate mound and off-mound), Tuban (mixed carbonate-siliciclastic), and Ngrayong (siliciclastic). Exposures of the Kujung unit (28–22 Ma) are limited to a few isolated outcrops. At the base, the Kujung is represented by a high-energy, extensive, shallow-marine carbonate facies that grades laterally into deep-marine off-mound sediments of calcareous mudstone and chalk (lower Kujung). In other locations, shallow-water carbonate deposition was restricted to faulted topographic highs in the middle–upper Kujung. The shallow-marine sediments of the lower Kujung were covered by thick chalk and marl sediments of the middle–upper Kujung. The Tuban unit (22–15 Ma) consists of widely exposed shallow-marine mixed carbonate and siliciclastic and poorly exposed open-marine shale and chalk facies. The Tuban consists of at least six stacked cycles that reflect deltaic deposition with episodes of shallow-marine carbonate mound growth. The Ngrayong unit (15–12 Ma) represents a period of regional siliciclastic influx and progradation of tidally influenced deltas and grades into turbidites, basinal shale, mudstone, and chalk. Ngrayong beds are truncated by Bulu carbonates (Serravallian–Tortonian). This is consistent with the tectonic evolution of the region.

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