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The role of outcrop geology in predicting reservoir presence in the Cretaceous and Paleocene successions of the Sulaiman Range, Pakistan

¹ BHPBilliton (Americas), Trinidad and Tobago, 1360 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 150, Houston, Texas 77056-3020; roy.fitzsimmons{at}bhpbilliton.com
² ConocoPhillips, 600 N. Dairy Ashford, Houston, Texas 77079
³ British Gas Trinidad & Tobago Ltd, BG House, 5 St. Clair Avenue, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago

Roy Fitzsimmons received a B.Sc. in geology from Glasgow University and a Ph.D. in sedimentology/sequence stratigraphy from Liverpool University. After working with British Gas he joined Conoco in 1996, as part of the reservoir prediction group. For 5 years he worked global deep-water depositional systems before spending 3 years as a regional geologist studying the Mid-Norway Atlantic Margin. Recently Roy joined BHPBilliton to work exploration and appraisal in Trinidad.James Buchanan received a B.Sc. in geology from Queen's University, Belfast, and a Ph.D. in structural geology from Royal Holloway, University of London. After working at the British Geological Survey and Core Laboratories for several years, he joined British Gas to participate in their exploration and development programs. Since 1996, he has worked at ConocoPhillips on a wide range of global exploration projects.

Chris Izatt has a B.Sc. in geology and Ph.D. in structural geology from Imperial College London. Since joining British Gas (BG) he has worked on several international and domestic projects. He is currently based in the BG Trinidad office.

Hydrocarbon exploration in remote, mountainous regions commonly creates a logistical challenge. Remote sensing methods are used to gain an understanding of the geologic evolution of an area. However, over-reliance on these techniques has commonly precluded finer scale observations made in the field, which can significantly reduce exploration risk. The Sulaiman concession lies in the Sulaiman Range, which forms part of the Himalayan fold and thrust belt in the Baluchistan province of northwest Pakistan. Rugged exposures, developed in this semiarid area, provide excellent outcrops of the principal stratigraphy of interest in the concession. To reduce uncertainty associated with reservoir presence, the Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene Mughal Kot, Pab, and Ranikot formations were studied. Detailed (centimeter-scale), sedimentological observations enabled the depositional context of these units to be resolved. By recognizing abrupt dislocations in facies tracts and changes in depositional architecture, a low-order stratigraphic framework was established. Furthermore, local, candidate high-frequency surfaces were recognized, which gave an insight into the processes active in the individual facies tracts during periods of relative base-level change. These observations resulted in an integrated model that was used to predict reservoir presence in the Mirawah structure.

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