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GEOLOGIC NOTE |
1 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
haakon.fossen{at}geo.uib.no
2 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
3 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
4 Center of Integrated Petroleum Research, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Haakon Fossen received his cand. scient. (M.Sc. equivalent) degree from the University of Bergen (1986) and his Ph.D. in structural geology from the University of Minnesota (1992). He joined Statoil in 1986 and is now a professor of structural geology in the University of Bergen. His scientific interest covers ductile shear zones, extensional collapse of mountain ranges, and petroleum-related deformation at various scales.Tord Johansen is a structural geologist with Statoil, Norway. He completed his cand. scient. thesis in structural geology from the University of Bergen (2000), where he is currently a Ph.D. candidate. His main focus has been on oil-field fault geometry, fault anatomy, and deformation bands based on fieldwork in Utah and data from the North Sea.
Jonny Hesthammer received his M.Sc. degree from the University of British Columbia (1991) and his dr. scient. (Ph.D. equivalent) from the University of Bergen (1999). He worked for Statoil from 1991 until he joined the University of Bergen as a professor of seismic interpretation in 2002. His current research focuses on the use of electromagnetic and seismic data for hydrocarbon detection.
Atle Rotevatn received his cand. scient. degree in structural geology from the University of Oslo in 2001. He has switched focus from studying ductilely deformed metamorphic rocks in the east Greenland Caledonides to reservoir-scale deformation structures and their influence on fluid flow in oil and gas reservoirs.
Different types of fault interaction are examined and compared to a single fault situation with respect to density, distribution, and orientation of subseismic structures. Fault branch points are found to be considerably more complex than single faults. The damage zone in these areas shows a wider range in orientation of deformation bands and fractures, and the damaged volume extends far into the fault blocks. Overlapping structures develop wide damage zones at early stages, typically with structures that are oblique to the faults and, thus, represent potential flow barriers. The damage associated with relay structures is inherited by later stages, when the fault segments are coalesced and behave as a single fault. At advanced stages, the damage zones are uncommonly wide in breached relay locations. Such locations can be recognized as places where faults make abrupt steps or bends.
The extent to which complications associated with both single-tip and double-tip interactions affect reservoir performance depends on the nature of the minor structures in the damage zone. It is thus crucial that the physical nature of minor structures is investigated so that their influence on reservoir performance can be evaluated.
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