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1 Bureau of Economic Geology, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78713; shirley.dutton{at}beg.utexas.edu
2 Transpetco Engineering, 110 N. Marienfeld Place, Suite 525, Midland, Texas, 79701; flanders{at}transpetco.com
3 Shell Exploration and Production Inc., 3737 Bellaire Blvd., P.O. Box 481, Houston, Texas 77001-0481; mark.barton{at}shell.com
Shirley P. Dutton is a senior research scientist at the Bureau of Economic Geology with research interests in sedimentology, reservoir characterization, sedimentary petrology, and clastic diagenesis. She received a B.A. degree from the University of Rochester and an M.A. degree and Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin, all in geology.William A. (Bill) Flanders is an engineer with special expertise in reservoir engineering, enhanced oil recovery, and reservoir modeling. Flanders is president of Transpetco Engineering of the Southwest, and formerly worked at Exxon and at Murphy Oil. He earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from Kansas State University.
Mark D. Barton is a reservoir geologist with Shell Exploration and Production. He formerly worked at the Bureau of Economic Geology, where he conducted the research summarized in this paper. His expertise is in clastic sedimentology and stratigraphy. He holds a Ph.D. in geology from the University of Texas at Austin.
Deep-water sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in west Texas and southeast New Mexico contained an estimated 1.8 billion bbl of original oil in place, but primary recovery from these fields is commonly less than 20%. East Ford field in Reeves County, Texas, which produces from the Ramsey sandstone in the upper Bell Canyon Formation, went directly from primary production to tertiary recovery by CO2 flooding. Field production has increased from 30 to more than 185 BOPD. Oil recovery has been improved by the CO2 flood, but not as much as expected. Geologic heterogeneities such as interbedded siltstones are apparently influencing reservoir displacement operations in the East Ford unit.
A depositional model of the East Ford unit was developed using data from Bell Canyon outcrops and subsurface data. The Ramsey sandstones were deposited by turbidity currents in a basin-floor setting. The sandstones are interpreted as having been deposited in a channel-levee system that terminated in broad lobes; overbank splays filled topographically low interchannel areas. Injection wells located in splay sandstones apparently have poor communication with wells in channel sandstones, perhaps because communication is restricted through levee and channel-margin deposits. The south part of the unit is responding well to the flood because the injection and production wells are in the same interconnected lobe depositional environment.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  S. P. Dutton Calcite cement in Permian deep-water sandstones, Delaware Basin, west Texas: Origin, distribution, and effect on reservoir properties AAPG Bulletin, June 1, 2008; 92(6): 765 - 787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Zavala, J. J. Ponce, M. Arcuri, D. Drittanti, H. Freije, and M. Asensio Ancient Lacustrine Hyperpycnites: A Depositional Model from a Case Study in the Rayoso Formation (Cretaceous) of West-Central Argentina Journal of Sedimentary Research, January 1, 2006; 76(1): 41 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. P. Dutton, E. M. Kim, R. F. Broadhead, W. D. Raatz, C. L. Breton, S. C. Ruppel, and C. Kerans Play analysis and leading-edge oil-reservoir development methods in the Permian basin: Increased recovery through advanced technologies AAPG Bulletin, May 1, 2005; 89(5): 553 - 576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. P. Dutton and W. A. Flanders Evidence of reservoir compartmentalization by calcite cement layers in deepwater sandstones, Bell Canyon Formation, Delaware Basin, Texas Geological Society, London, Special Publications, January 1, 2004; 237(1): 279 - 282. [Abstract] [PDF]
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