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1 Faculty of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; xiawch{at}dns.cug.edu.cn
2 Faculty of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; ningz{at}dns.cug.edu.cn
3 Editorial Department of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; yuanxp{at}cug.edu.cn
4 Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum, Dunhuang, 736202, Gansu, China
5 Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum, Dunhuang, 736202, Gansu, China
Wenchen Xia is professor of geology at China University of Geosciences and works at the laboratory of fission track analysis in Wuhan, China. He obtained his master's degree in coal geology from the Beijing graduate school of Wuhan College of Geology in 1981. He leads a research group on the petroleum-bearing sedimentary basin and paleo-oceanic basin.Ning Zhang is an associate professor at China University of Geosciences working in the laboratory of fission track analysis in Wuhan, China. She obtained her master's degree in sedimentology from China University of Geosciences in 1996. She is currently studying for her Ph.D. in geology at China University of Geosciences.
Xiaoping Yuan is editor of Earth Geosciences—Journal of China University of Geosciences. She obtained her master's degree in sedimentology from China University of Geosciences in 1998 and is an expert in petrologic chemistry.
Lianshun Fan is a senior engineer in petroleum geology. He obtained his bachelor's degree in petrologic geology from Beijing College of Geology in 1965. He led the research institute of petroleum exploration and exploitation in the Qinghai Bureau of Petroleum from 1980 to 1996. He is an expert in organic geochemistry and petroleum geology.
Bingshan Zhang is a senior engineer in petroleum geology. He graduated from Jianghan College of Petrology in 1966. He is an expert in sedimentology and petroleum geology.
Qaidam basin is a composite sedimentary basin developed on typical continental crust. It comprises a Jurassic foreland basin and a Cenozoic extensional basin. The geologic history of the Cenozoic Qaidam basin can be divided into two megastages on the basis of stratigraphy and structure. The first megastage, from latest Cretaceous to Oligocene, consisted of two periods of rifting due to upwelling of the hot upper mantle. This is demonstrated by two tectono-sequences formed by the rifting, the synrifting magmatic thermal activity, and the control of protobasin development by syndepositional faults. The second megastage comprises three tectono-sequences that developed in the Miocene and Pliocene and was a period of structural inversion that consisted of compressive downwarping and reverse faulting. This tectonic inversion may be ascribed to the long-distance propagation of compressive stress caused by the collisions of the Indian and Eurasian plates.
The thick sequence of primary oil source rocks was deposited in the major rifted depression and the restricted drainage graben of the rifted protobasin. During the tectonic inversion megastage they were subject to deep burial and prolonged heating. A major and a minor oil-generating basin have developed. The tectonic inversion processes produced several structural features that may contain potential hydrocarbon reservoirs and traps.
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