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1 GeoPlay, Madrazo 32, Suite 5-3, 08006 Barcelona, Spain; geoplay{at}catalunya.com
2 Gessal, Toronga 21, 28043 Madrid, Spain; gessal{at}idecnet.com
3 Gessal, Toronga 21, 28043 Madrid, Spain; gessal{at}idecnet.com
4 Petroleum Consultant, Postbus 92, 7700 AB Dedemsvaart, The Netherlands; pelie{at}xs4all.nl
Lluís Ardèvol is founder and director of GeoPlay (formerly Geoprep), a company specializing in field training for the petroleum industry since 1990. He received his M.S. degree in geology from the University of Barcelona, Spain, where he was assistant professor. Lluís has 17 years of experience in field geology and consultancy for oil, mining, and civil engineering companies. His research is in clastic facies analysis, sequence stratigraphy, and their application to reservoir characterization.Juan Klimowitz is technical director of Gessal, a company specializing in subsurface exploration and interpretation. He received his M.S. degree in geology in 1982 from the University of Madrid, Spain, and has worked with Prakla-Seismos, the Spanish Geological Survey, and Repsol. Juan specializes in structural interpretation and has published several papers on thrust tectonics in the Pyrenees.
Jesús Malagón is a geophysicist with Gessal. He received his M.S. degree in geology in 1980 from the University of Granada, Spain. He has worked for the Spanish Geological Survey, being mostly involved in field geology and subsurface research in the Pyrenees. His research interests include tectonics and basin analysis.
Peter J.C. Nagtegaal is a consultant petroleum geologist. He received his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Leiden, The Netherlands, and has published a number of papers on the Pyrenees and the North Sea. With Shell Oil Company he has held the positions of head of exploration research and exploration manager in Malaysia and Colombia. His research is in Pyrenean geology and its petroleum applications.
During the initial stage of the evolution of the South Pyrenean foreland basin in the Late Cretaceous, foreland shortening resulted in the development of a major thrust sheet consisting of three main fold-thrust uplifts. As a consequence, the basin was segmented into uplift-bounded depocenters (minibasins) that were contemporaneously filled with basin-fill successions of prograding siliciclastics.
A sequence-stratigraphic study has led to detailed regional correlations showing turbidite, deltaic, and fluvial facies transitions (Vallcarga, Aren, and Tremp formations, respectively). The deltaic deposits are grouped into four depositional sequences based on recognition and definition of sequence boundaries and systems tracts.
The basinward migration of the depocenters was associated with uplifting and cyclic sedimentation. Turbiditic deposits accumulated on footwall synclines and onlapped onto growing anticlines during phases of active thrusting. Deltaic wedges prograded over deep-water sediments. Highstand shelves overlapped preexisting structural highs suggesting relative tectonic quiescence. The chronology of the shelves, based on planktonic foraminifera, provides new insight into the timing of deformation.
Three hydrocarbon plays are found within lowstand systems tracts: delta front, canyon fill, and slope channel fill. These may prove helpful as models for more prolific hydrocarbon-bearing clastic basins. The depositional model may serve as an analog for intraslope minibasins on Atlantic margins.
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