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AAPG Bulletin; April 2000; v. 84; no. 4; p. 489-504; DOI: 10.1306/C9EBCE2D-1735-11D7-8645000102C1865D
© 2000 American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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Assessment of Fluid Contacts and Compartmentalization in Sandstone Reservoirs Using Fluid Inclusions: An Example from the Magnus Oil Field, North Sea1

S. A. Barclay1, R. H. Worden2, J. Parnell3, D. L. Hall4 and S. M. Sterner5

1 School of Geosciences, The Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom; r.worden{at}qub.ac.uk
2 School of Geosciences, The Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
3 Fluid Inclusion Technologies Inc., 2217 North Yellowood Avenue, Broken Arrow, Oklahoma 74012
4 Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
5 Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom

Stuart has a geochemistry B.Sc. degree from Man chester University (1994), an M.Sc. degree in petroleum geochemistry from Newcastle University (1995), and a Ph.D. from Queen's University Belfast (1999) (dissertation: "Controls on the Distribution, Source and Timing of Minerals Cements in an Oilfield"). He joined Robertson Research International Ltd. in 1998 as a petroleum geochemist. His research interests include clastic diagenesis, geochemical modeling of diagenetic processes, and the development of analytical techniques.Richard has a B.Sc. degree in geology and geochemistry from the University of Manchester (1984) and a Ph.D. in geology also from the University of Manchester (1988). Following postdoctoral research at Edinburgh University on feldspar-water interaction, he joined BP working as a sedimentary geochemist in 1989. He left BP in 1994 and took up a lectureship first at the University of Durham and then at Queen's University in Belfast. His current research topics relevant to the oil industry include clastic and carbonate reservoir diagenesis, produced water geochemistry, nonhydrocarbon gas production geochemistry, thermochemical sulfate reduction, oil-water-rock interaction, and the use of wireline data for reservoir quality and diagenesis studies.

John obtained a B.A. degree from Cambridge University in 1978 and completed a Ph.D. at Imperial College, London, in 1981. From 1983 to 1999, he lectured at Queen's University Belfast. He is currently a reader in geology at the University of Aberdeen. He undertakes research on natural bitumens and metal-organic interactions, and their exploration potential, reservoir diagenesis, and lacustrine environments.

Don received B.S. (1982) and M.S. (1985) degrees in geology from the University of California at Riverside, and a Ph.D. (1989) in geology from Virginia Tech. He joined Amoco Production Research in 1990 as a research scientist. His work there centered on development and implementation of novel fluid inclusion instrumentation and techniques to aid in addressing exploration and production questions surrounding migration pathway mapping, pay delineation, hydrocarbon type and quality prediction, seal characterization, nearby/bypassed pay recognition, and reservoir compartmentalization. He left Amoco in 1997 as part of a spinoff of Amoco's fluid inclusion analytical labs. As president of Fluid Inclusion Technologies, he continues to promote focused research and development and rock-based analytical programs to help manage risk associated with hydrocarbon exploration and production.

Mike holds a B.S. degree from Michigan, an M.S. degree from Pennsylvania State, a Ph.D. from Virginia Tech, and postdoctoral fellowships from Berkeley and the Bayerisches Geoinstitute at the Universitate Bayreuth. He was a pioneer in the field of synthetic fluid inclusion research, a discipline devoted to furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of fluid inclusion formation and preservation and the interpretation of fluid data from natural systems. Between 1993 and 1996, Mike was a senior research scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy Pacific Northwest Laboratory, where he conducted research and computer simulation of properties of geofluids. He presently heads the research and development division of Fluid Inclusion Technologies, an Oklahoma-based petroleum industry service organization providing innovative analytical alternatives for the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas.

Location of an oil-water contact is crucial for estimating reserves and for designing production strategies. Identifying hydrodynamic barriers or baffles is also important for optimizing both recovery and flow rates. In some oil fields, identifying fluid contacts and barriers is not always possible using conventional wireline and formation testing methods.

We have used a novel technique, fluid inclusion stratigraphy (FIS), to tackle these problems in the Upper Jurassic Magnus oil field in the North Sea. This technique involves systematic cleaning and crushing of small quantities of a large number of drill-cuttings or core samples followed by mass spectrometry without prior GC (gas chromatography) separation. The quantity and specific types of petroleum fluid trapped in pores in mineral grains are determined and the stratigraphic and spatial pattern of organic compounds constructed. For this case study, these data were integrated with quantitative mineralogical data derived from gamma-ray, density, sonic, and neutron porosity logs, together with electrical resistivity.

The conventional resistivity data resulted in ambiguity concerning the oil-water transition zone in both wells; interpreting the resistivity logs was locally hampered by vertical changes in reservoir lithology. The FIS data suggested more complex transition zones (locally variable water saturations in the transition zone controlled by shales and dolomites) and petroleum extending deeper than suggested by the resistivity log (possibly due to lack of sensitivity of the latter to low petroleum saturations in water-wet reservoirs). The FIS data also suggested the presence of potential stratigraphic (shale) and diagenetic (dolomite) barriers or baffles to fluid flow within the reservoir, illustrated by changes in abundance and composition of petroleum-bearing inclusions.




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